Example of Hortatory Exposition : Corruption Should be Eradicated at the Early Stage of School

Definition of Hortatory Exposition
A text which has a purpose to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Social Function of Hortatory Exposition
To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Generic Structure
Thesis: announcement of an issue concern.
Arguments: reasons for concerns, leading to recommendation.
Recommendation: statement of what ought or ought not to happen

Language Feature
Focus on generic human and non-human participants
Use of relational processes
Use of material process
Use of mental process
Use of simple present
Use of modality

Here is the example of Hortatory Exposition. It is discussed about corruption.

Corruption Should be Eradicated at the Early Stage of School

Thesis
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the U.S. It’s just a matter of the intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia


Argument 
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok Port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs, who want to minimize their tax payments, tend to do such thing more often. They even bribe the officials.

Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.

Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinctions.

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Example of News Item Text : Police Discover 13 Petrol Bombs in Palu

Definition of News Item Text
News Item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Purpose/Social Function of News Item
to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Generic Structure 
Newsworthy Event (recounts the events in summary form)
Background Event (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident))
Sources (comments by participant in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event)

Language Features of News Item
Focusing on circumstances
Using material process
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Use action verb

News Item Text usually can be find in printed newspaper and online newspaper. Here is a news which can be categorized into news item text. Check it out please!

Police Discover 13 Petrol Bombs in Palu

Newsworthy Event
PALU (Antara): Police searching a conflict area between two Central Sulawesi villages in Poso have discovered 13 petrol bombs.

Background Event
Dozens of people have been injured in fighting between the two villages in recent weeks. On Dec. 8, dozens were injured and scores of houses were destroyed in fighting, while at least 18 people were wounded in a more recent clash and had to be evacuated to several hospitals in Palu.

Sources
"After bombing the area from Sunday night to Monday morning, we found 13 petrol bombs hidden in water channels and bushes," a police source said here Monday.

Sources
He said the situation in the area was under control, but that guards had been posted at several points, while the road connecting the villages of Nunu and Tavanjuka remained closed.

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Understanding Genre (Text Types) : News Item

Definition of News Item Text
News Item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Purpose/Social Function of News Item
to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Generic Structure 
Newsworthy Event (recounts the events in summary form)
Background Event (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident))
Sources (comments by participant in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event)

Language Features of News Item
Focusing on circumstances
Using material process
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Use action verb

Here is one of the Example of News Item Text. Please check it out!

Town Contaminated

Newsworthy Event
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Background Event
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock

Sources 
The accident, which occurred13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Sources
A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy. 

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Example of Analytical Exposition: The Benefits of Learning Foreign Language

Learning a foreign language is an investment for the future that can produce many benefits whether it is for one’s career, travel adventures or personal growth.

Learning a foreign language can take many months of dedication, however the venture will more than likely open the door to many opportunities. Learning a foreign language takes time, patience and sometimes money. Nevertheless, French, Arabic and Mandarin Chinese, among many others, are all languages that can provide great improvement to career, travel or intellect.

Firstly, learning a foreign language can be advancement in our career. The 21st century trend in progress is globalization, and with improvement in technology that provides the ability to communicate with anyone, anywhere, more and more companies are working internationally. Employers will be looking for a valuable employee, one that can correspond with an international partner, investor, customer, etc. The fact that one is fluent in a foreign language will give an edge on their resume, which can make a stand out applicant. In other words, many companies will actually increase pay for those who can speak a foreign language and have used their skill towards increasing career performance.

Secondly, learning foreign language can also enhance travel experience. Always dreamed of going to China, Egypt, Italy or Croatia? A dream vacation can be even better if one knows the language of the locals. By knowing the language of the land, one can increase their travel experience by being able to explore freely. An individual who is fluent in a specific foreign language is able to speak to the local people, shop, dine and respectfully enjoy a foreign land.

Thirdly is, it can expand our intellect. Learning a language can be ultimately good for the mind. Through engaging in a foreign language, one is able to increase vocabulary, pushing the brain to its fullest capacity. Learning a foreign language also exercises the memory. Learning a foreign language can help to increase mental power by being able to speak and think in another language. 

Again, learning a foreign language is an investment of time and money, depending on the route chosen. However, the benefits of learning a foreign language are superior and can improve many aspects of a person's life greatly. Whether it is for a career opportunity, a dream vacation or personal growth, a foreign language is a fantastic asset.

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Example of News Item Text (News Story) : Killer Cyclone Wrecks 4 Town

Another kind of factual genre is News Story. Some linguist call news story as a news item text type. News Story is a kind of factual genre which inform the readers of daily newspaper about events of the day which are regarded as newsworthy or important. 

Newspaper need to make the news as readable as possible in order to attract as many readers as possible. More readers means more money from advertisers and wider circulation of the newspaper. 

News story especially the ones published in afternoon newspaper, often make the events of the day as dramatic or as sensational as they can in order to make more people buy them. 

News story has three schematic structures (generic structure). News story begin with newsworthy events and then followed by background events and sources. The most difficult things is deciding the newsworthy events because it is the core of the text. 

News story has some specific language features. First, news story use short and telegraphic information about the story summarized in one sentence headline. Second, It use of material or action process to retell the story. In addition, news story also use of projecting verbal process in “Sources” stage. Besides that, news story also focus on circumstance meaning. Last but not the least, news story often use dramatic of participant structure, especially in thematic position.

To make clear, here is an example of News Story (News Item Text). It is taken from the front page of Telegraph 5 April 1989. It informs us about killer cyclone wrecks 4 town. 

Killer Cyclone Wrecks 4 Town

By Rick Feneley and Lisa Scott

Troops started moving into devasted northern Queensland last night to help clean up after Cyclone Avivu left  a toll of misery with one man dead, 40 injured, more than a hundred homes destroyed and cane fields flattened. (Newsworthy Events)

Helicopter, Trucks, sandbags, tarpaulins and electric generators were rushed into declared disaster areas immediate response to reports of widespread damage. Winds of up to 210 km/h just as intense as Cyclone Tracy which devastated Darwin ripped through the towns of Ayr, Home Hill, Brandon and Clare in the Burdekin District yesterday. At least 100 homes in the tiny sugar town of Ayr were uprooted. (Background Events)

An elderly man who was sheltering in his caravan near Ayr drowned when a huge gust picked up the van and hurled it into a creek. Another man was reported missing, feared drowned, at Bowen. At nearby Home Hill, Peter and Jennifer Dennis watched in horror as their home collapsed around them and their babies. (Background Events)

Gino Pegoraro, 53, of Home Hill, wept as he surveyed his ruined house. Gino thought he heard his shed falling apart. “I put my head around the bathroom door…and I knew it was my house that had gone.” (Sources)

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