Example of Descriptive Text : My Sister is a Nurse

Definition
A text type that describe a particular thing, person or place

Social Function 
To describe a particular person, place, or thing

Generic Structure
Identification : identifies phenomenon to be Described
Description : describes parts, qualities,characteristics

Language Feature
Focus on specific participant
Attributive and identifying process
Use simple present tense

Here is one of the example of Descriptive Text about Sister

My Sister is a Nurse

Identification
I have a sister. Her name is Charisa. She is a nurse.

Description 1
My Sister works at the Central  Hospital. Everyday she take cares the patients at the hospital.  Sometimes, she goes to the works at seven o’clock in the morning and goes home at three o’clock in the afternoon.

Description 2
She usually helps the doctor to cures the patients. She also prepares and bring the medicine for the patient in the room. She also helps the doctor to maintain, recover optimal health and quality of life of the patients.

Description 3
She works patiently. She never bored with her jobs. She is happy to be a nurse.

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Example of News Item Text : Spanish Thief Saw Himself as Robin Hood-Like Bandit

Definition of News Item Text
News Item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Purpose/Social Function of News Item
to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Generic Structure 
Newsworthy Event (recounts the events in summary form)
Background Event (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident))
Sources (comments by participant in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event)

Language Features of News Item
Focusing on circumstances
Using material process
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Use action verb

Here is one of the Example of News Item Text. Please check it out!

Spanish Thief Saw Himself as Robin Hood-Like Bandit

Newsworthy Event
Madrid (Reuters) - Spain's most wanted thief, "The Loner," saw himself as a Robin Hood-style figure and said he robbed banks only because they stole from the public, his lawyer said Thursday.

Background Event
Accused of killing three policemen and holding up more than 30 banks, Jaime Jimenez Arbe was planning to move on to insurance companies when he was arrested last month, Spanish media reported, citing lawyer Jose Mariano Trillo-Figueroa.

Sources
"I am not a killer and if I was obliged to shoot at officers of the law, it was always against my will and in order to avoid being arrested," Jimenez said in a letter reproduced on the websites of newspapers El Pais and El Mundo.

Sources
Trillo-Figueroa said Jimenez, who robbed the banks disguised in a false beard and a wig, thinks of himself as Curro Jimenez, a Spanish 1970s television bandit in the style of Robin Hood.

Sources
The Loner was arrested in Portugal, armed with a submachine gun in preparation for another bank robbery-Reuters.

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Example of News Item Text : Wade Withdraws from U.S. Basketball Team

Definition of News Item Text
News Item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Purpose/Social Function of News Item
to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Generic Structure 
Newsworthy Event (recounts the events in summary form)
Background Event (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident))
Sources (comments by participant in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event)

Language Features of News Item
Focusing on circumstances
Using material process
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Use action verb

Here is one of the Example of News Item Text. Please check it out!

Wade withdraws from U.S. Basketball Team

Newsworthy Event
(Reuters) - Miami Heat guard Dwyane Wade withdrew his name from the player pool for the U.S. Olympic basketball team on Thursday because his injured left knee will require surgery, USA Basketball said.

Background Event
After receiving the diagnosis from the Heat team physician, the All-Star guard, who helped Miami win the NBA title in five games over the Oklahoma City Thunder, informed USA Basketball chairman Jerry Colangelo that he was having the surgery soon and would be unable to compete in London.

Sources
"As many people may know, throughout the season, I struggled with a recurring knee issue," Wade said in a statement. "After the championship game, I visited with my doctors for a round of comprehensive medical tests, and the recent results dictate the need for surgery. "While every part of me wants to be in London, I need to take this time to do what's best to improve my health and allow me to continue to play the game I love."

Wade was the U.S. team's leading scorer in their run to 2008 Olympic gold in Beijing, scoring a game-high 27 points as the Americans beat Spain 118-107 in the Olympic final.

Despite having his knee drained during the NBA playoffs, Wade averaged over 22 points a game during Miami's championship series triumph over the Thunder. Wade's exit from the U.S. squad left 17 players in the mix for 12 spots on the Olympic team following injuries that removed several players from consideration, including Derrick Rose of the Chicago Bulls and Dwight Howard of the Orlando Magic.

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Example of Hortatory Exposition: Boarding School Education

Definition of Hortatory Exposition
Hortatory Exposition can be defined as a text which has a purpose to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Social Function of Hortatory Exposition
To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition
Thesis: announcement of an issue concern.
Arguments: reasons for concerns, leading to recommendation.
Recommendation: statement of what ought or ought not to happen

Language Feature
Focus on generic human and non-human participants
Use of relational processes
Use of material process
Use of mental process
Use of simple present
Use of modality

A text below is one of the example of Hortatory Exposition. It is Hortatory Exposition about Education or Boarding School. Please, feel free to read the text below.

Boarding School Education

Thesis
There are many arguments in favor of a boarding school education. Nevertheless, the boarding school is not always the best education institution for everyone.

Argument 1
At an early age interacting and communicating with people is very important for a child’s personal life and can be especially helpful for his/her future. In a boarding school, shy children can take advantage of interaction through communal activities. The boarding school also offers a great variety of activities such as arts, sports, and music that allow children to demonstrate and develop specialized skills in their free time.

Argument 2
Furthermore, the structured way of life and strict rules at the boarding school may helps students to get used to a well ordered way of life. The manners and social skills will help them to become more responsible and confident, and to develop their talents in leadership. Professionally trained teachers and educators in the boarding school can offer excellent education without the parents’ constant supervision.

Argument 3
In spite of these good points, it is not advisable to send a child to a boarding school if he/she is a dependent learner. A boarding school usually demands that student learn independently. In addition, the boarding school should not be seen as a measure to solve inappropriate behavior or unsatisfactory study performance. Instead of improving, problematic children may close off their relationship with their peers and teachers.

Recommendation
In conclusion although a boarding school may provide good education to many children, it is not recommended for those who are strongly attached to their families. They may become frustrated and socially isolated.

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Example of Hortatory Exposition: Provide more Dustbins to Make School Cleaner

Definition of Hortatory Exposition
A text which has a purpose to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Social Function of Hortatory Exposition
To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Generic Structure
Thesis: announcement of an issue concern.
Arguments: reasons for concerns, leading to recommendation.
Recommendation: statement of what ought or ought not to happen

Language Feature
Focus on generic human and non-human participants
Use of relational processes
Use of material process
Use of mental process
Use of simple present
Use of modality

Here is one of the example of Hortatory Exposition about cleanliness at school.

Provide more Dustbins to Make School Cleaner

Thesis
To improve comfort and cleanliness at the school, there should be an increasing number of dust bins.

Arguments
When we look at classroom, school corridors and schoolyard, there papers, mineral water cops, straws, and napkin everywhere. The condition of unseemliness really hinders learning and teaching environment. They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for mosquito to spread out.

Anyway I notice that most of the students have responsibilities for their school environment. They put their litter on the proper place but some of them are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of the dust bins in the school are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each step, outside of the classrooms and some along of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.

Recommendation
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not have problem of discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and school will be very clean and become a very nice place to study.

____________________________________
Text Source :
Djuharie, Otong Setiawan.2009.Essay Writing Book 3.Yrama Widya Bandung

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Example of Hortatory Exposition : Corruption Should be Eradicated at the Early Stage of School

Definition of Hortatory Exposition
A text which has a purpose to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Social Function of Hortatory Exposition
To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Generic Structure
Thesis: announcement of an issue concern.
Arguments: reasons for concerns, leading to recommendation.
Recommendation: statement of what ought or ought not to happen

Language Feature
Focus on generic human and non-human participants
Use of relational processes
Use of material process
Use of mental process
Use of simple present
Use of modality

Here is the example of Hortatory Exposition. It is discussed about corruption.

Corruption Should be Eradicated at the Early Stage of School

Thesis
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the U.S. It’s just a matter of the intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia


Argument 
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok Port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs, who want to minimize their tax payments, tend to do such thing more often. They even bribe the officials.

Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.

Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinctions.

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Example of News Item Text : Police Discover 13 Petrol Bombs in Palu

Definition of News Item Text
News Item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Purpose/Social Function of News Item
to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Generic Structure 
Newsworthy Event (recounts the events in summary form)
Background Event (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident))
Sources (comments by participant in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event)

Language Features of News Item
Focusing on circumstances
Using material process
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Use action verb

News Item Text usually can be find in printed newspaper and online newspaper. Here is a news which can be categorized into news item text. Check it out please!

Police Discover 13 Petrol Bombs in Palu

Newsworthy Event
PALU (Antara): Police searching a conflict area between two Central Sulawesi villages in Poso have discovered 13 petrol bombs.

Background Event
Dozens of people have been injured in fighting between the two villages in recent weeks. On Dec. 8, dozens were injured and scores of houses were destroyed in fighting, while at least 18 people were wounded in a more recent clash and had to be evacuated to several hospitals in Palu.

Sources
"After bombing the area from Sunday night to Monday morning, we found 13 petrol bombs hidden in water channels and bushes," a police source said here Monday.

Sources
He said the situation in the area was under control, but that guards had been posted at several points, while the road connecting the villages of Nunu and Tavanjuka remained closed.

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Understanding Genre (Text Types) : News Item

Definition of News Item Text
News Item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Purpose/Social Function of News Item
to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Generic Structure 
Newsworthy Event (recounts the events in summary form)
Background Event (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident))
Sources (comments by participant in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event)

Language Features of News Item
Focusing on circumstances
Using material process
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Use action verb

Here is one of the Example of News Item Text. Please check it out!

Town Contaminated

Newsworthy Event
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Background Event
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock

Sources 
The accident, which occurred13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Sources
A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy. 

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