Example of Report Text : Bee

Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analyses.

Report text which is also known as Report Genre is a kind of factual genre. It is describes the way things are, with references to a whole range of phenomena, natural, synthetic and social in our environment.  Report genre has a specific schematic structure. It is consist of general classification and description.

Report genre is focus on generic participants or a group of things such as the heart, the body, the lung, the computer, the printer, etc. Report text mainly use of simple present tense (unless extinct). There is no temporal sequence in report text. The writer usually use of “being” and “having” clauses.

Some of example of report genre is information about living things (reptile, mammals, etc), information about cultural phenomena, information about technology, information about health service, and so on. Here is one of the examples of report text about animal.

Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, and are known for their role in pollination and for producing honey and beeswax. There are nearly 20,000 known species of bees in nine recognized families though many are undescribed and the actual number is probably higher. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated flowering plants.

Bees have a long proboscis (a complex "tongue") that enables them to obtain the nectar from flowers. They have antennae almost universally made up of 13 segments in males and 12 in females, as is typical for the super family. Bees all have two pairs of wings, the hind pair being the two; in a very few species, one sex or caste has relatively short wings that make flight difficult or impossible, but none are wingless.

The bee is Trigona minima, a stingless bee whose workers are about 2.1 mm (5/64") long. The largest bee in the world is Megachile pluto, a leafcutter bee whose females can attain a length of 39 mm (1.5"). Members of the family Halictidae, or sweat bees, are the most common type of bee in the Northern Hemisphere, though they are  and often mistaken for wasps or flies.

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Explanation Text (Explanatory) : The Phenomena of El Nino

Explanation or also knows as explanatory text is a kind of text that explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or sociocultural phenomena.

Explanation Text is a kind of Factual Genre. Explanation Text consist of two structure, they are general statement and explanation.

General Statement provides a general statement to position the reader. It focuses on generic, non human participants.

Explanation gives a sequence explaining of why or how something occurs. It is comprised mainly material and relational process, temporal, causal circumstances and conjunctions.

Here is one of the example of Explanation or Explanatory text. It explains about science. Remember that it is just a simple example. You can develop by your self according your need and your tasks from your teacher. You may use it as a reference.

The Phenomena of El Nino

What Is El Nino (General Statement)
El Nino is a warm water current which moves off the west coast of Chile and Peru. The current is believed to be closely associated with irregular variations in the global weather system and it occurs approximately every 7–11 years. The wider consequences of El Nino can be catastrophic. The current is associated with short–term changes in worldwide climate patterns, and may cause drought in place such as Australia and violent tropical cyclones in the Pacific Ocean. Some scientists fear that global warming may be making El Nino occur more frequently.

How does El Nino Occurs (Explanation)
The combined influence of land, sea and air on weather conditions can create a global climate rhythm. In the Pacific Ocean, for example (A), trade winds normally blow from east to west (1) along the Equator, “dragging” sun–warmed surface waters into a pool of North Australia and there by the thermocline–the boundary between warm surface waters and the cooler layers beneath (2). High cumulus  clouds form above these warm waters, bringing rain in the summer wet season (3). Cooler, nutrient-rich waters rise to surface off Southern America (4), supporting extensive shoals of anchovies on which a vast fishing industry has developed. The weather over this cold water region is dry.

Every 3–5 years a change occurs in the ocean-atmosphere interaction. The climatic pattern is reserved (B)–an event known as El Nino. The trade winds ease, or even reverse direction (5), during El Nino and the warm surface waters which have “pilled up” in the West Pacific flow back to warm the waters off South America by 2–3°C (6). This depresses the east thermocline (7) and dramatically affects the climate. In an El Nino year, drought and bush fires occur over Australia, while flood affect Bolivia and Peru. The warm waters off South America suppress upwelling of the cold nutrient rich waters, bringing disaster to the fishing industry.

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Understanding Genre (Text Types) : News Item

Definition of News Item Text
News Item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Purpose/Social Function of News Item
to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Generic Structure 
Newsworthy Event (recounts the events in summary form)
Background Event (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident))
Sources (comments by participant in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event)

Language Features of News Item
Focusing on circumstances
Using material process
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Use action verb

Here is one of the Example of News Item Text. Please check it out!

Town Contaminated

Newsworthy Event
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Background Event
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock

Sources 
The accident, which occurred13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Sources
A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy. 

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Example of News Item Text (News Story) : Killer Cyclone Wrecks 4 Town

Another kind of factual genre is News Story. Some linguist call news story as a news item text type. News Story is a kind of factual genre which inform the readers of daily newspaper about events of the day which are regarded as newsworthy or important. 

Newspaper need to make the news as readable as possible in order to attract as many readers as possible. More readers means more money from advertisers and wider circulation of the newspaper. 

News story especially the ones published in afternoon newspaper, often make the events of the day as dramatic or as sensational as they can in order to make more people buy them. 

News story has three schematic structures (generic structure). News story begin with newsworthy events and then followed by background events and sources. The most difficult things is deciding the newsworthy events because it is the core of the text. 

News story has some specific language features. First, news story use short and telegraphic information about the story summarized in one sentence headline. Second, It use of material or action process to retell the story. In addition, news story also use of projecting verbal process in “Sources” stage. Besides that, news story also focus on circumstance meaning. Last but not the least, news story often use dramatic of participant structure, especially in thematic position.

To make clear, here is an example of News Story (News Item Text). It is taken from the front page of Telegraph 5 April 1989. It informs us about killer cyclone wrecks 4 town. 

Killer Cyclone Wrecks 4 Town

By Rick Feneley and Lisa Scott

Troops started moving into devasted northern Queensland last night to help clean up after Cyclone Avivu left  a toll of misery with one man dead, 40 injured, more than a hundred homes destroyed and cane fields flattened. (Newsworthy Events)

Helicopter, Trucks, sandbags, tarpaulins and electric generators were rushed into declared disaster areas immediate response to reports of widespread damage. Winds of up to 210 km/h just as intense as Cyclone Tracy which devastated Darwin ripped through the towns of Ayr, Home Hill, Brandon and Clare in the Burdekin District yesterday. At least 100 homes in the tiny sugar town of Ayr were uprooted. (Background Events)

An elderly man who was sheltering in his caravan near Ayr drowned when a huge gust picked up the van and hurled it into a creek. Another man was reported missing, feared drowned, at Bowen. At nearby Home Hill, Peter and Jennifer Dennis watched in horror as their home collapsed around them and their babies. (Background Events)

Gino Pegoraro, 53, of Home Hill, wept as he surveyed his ruined house. Gino thought he heard his shed falling apart. “I put my head around the bathroom door…and I knew it was my house that had gone.” (Sources)

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